Observations of an Apple Essay Example for Free

Observations of an Apple EssayThe assignment was to observe a return or vegetable for at least an hour. I thought it was crazy and pointless but not so ridiculous that I would not do it and take up a bad grade. Before I started, I read Samuel Scudders essay Learning to See where he talks about having to do a similar type of assignment but with a fish. He eventu each(prenominal)y became engrossed in the fish and so I became determined that I was sledding to try to find all I possibly could about my orchard apple tree in the hour that I had. With this in mind, I chose an apple from my bowl of fruit and prepared for what I thought would be a tedious sixty transactions.I grabbed some paper and a pen, turned on some music, and began the expression process. I started just by writing everything I could see on the outside of the apple. The skin of the apple had many different shades of red as well as a yellow patch on one side. It was covered in dark red stripes that looked like qu ick winder strokes from a tiny paintbrush. Little white and yellow dots gave it the appearance of a speckled egg. I then discover the apples shape as well as the lumps, dents, and scratches on its skin. It was slightly cold to the touch, as well as smooth and dry. I was tempted to go ahead and cut the apple blossom out but I wanted to make sure I had written down all the small details that would normally go completely unnoticed. later I was sure I had noted as much as I could about the outside, I sliced the apple in half horizontally to observe the inside. When it is cut horizontally, the little pit where the seeds are kept is in the shape of a star and feels like thin cardboard. There were five seeds, all dark brown and shaped like a raindrop. The flesh was softer on its own without the protection of the skin and almost mushy. When I looked even closer, it seemed that the flesh of the apple was made up of tiny crystals that glistened in the light because of the juice and its cre am coloring. The inside was even colder since it was wet. The sweet smell of the apple grew stronger and I finally gave in and took a bite.I wrote about the crunchiness, how crisp it was, how my teeth left their impression in the apple, how the skin ripped when it was bitten, and howjuicy it was. I decided to check the time at that point and was extremely surprised that I had only fifteen minutes left to finish up my notes. So I decided to get a little more creative with what I did to the apple. I began dissecting pieces of it, cutting little spots in half, finding the veins and what seemed to be roots of the apple. I even noticed how it stained the paper towel it sat on when I cut it.Soon I realized I had just a few minutes left and so to finish it all off, I decided to see what would happen when the apple, or what was left of it, would do when thrown hard against the pavement. I chop-chop ran outside and excitedly hurled the apple at the ground. I was pleased to watch it break ap art and splatter all over the sidewalk and even into the snow. I walked back inside and was surprised at how excited and enthusiastic I had become by going through this sort of experiment. I did not inhabit that sort of reaction to come from me especially when my first thoughts had been that I would end up hating this assignment and giving up on it.I never would lay down believed someone if they had told me that I would one day spend an hour observing an apple, and in the end, find that I had actually enjoyed it.

Analysing The Concept Of Karma

Analysing The Concept Of KarmaThe Hindu and Buddhist religions both believe in karma. In the Hindu religion karma influences how you are born in your adjoining life. You ignore be born in lower life forms such as an animal, plant, or insect. You could even be born into a lower caste system. It whole kit and caboodle the opposite delegacy as well and can cause you to be reborn in a high form even as a demigod or superhuman. Buddhists have a different take on karma. The Buddha rejected the image of a consciousness but accepted near nonion of rebirth. Buddha says that even though there is no soul the personalities of a being could recombine and continue from one life time to another. He uses the example of a flame going from one candle to another or the wind on blades of grass.To understand karma first it needs to be specify. Karma can be set forth as a form of cause and effect. The dictionary defines karma as sum of persons actions in one of his successive states of existenc e, viewed as deciding his fate for the next. In Sanskrit karma is defined as volitional action that is undertaken deliberately or knowingly. This also fits together as self-determination and a strong will power to abstain from inactivity. Karma also separates human beings from other creatures in the world. Karma is a notion that constantly proves the Newton theory of every action give rises an equal and opposite contradiction. Every time we do something we create a cause and in time will produce its corresponding reaction. It is the personality of the human that causes either negative or positive karma. Karma could be caused by both the fleshly and mental aspects of the body regardless of if it brings achievement now or in the future. Karma cannot be affected by the natural reflexes of the body. A person is responsible for his or her own karma(Karma and Reincarnation, 2010). In other words it is up to a person to give themselves good karma and move to a higher form in the next l ife or their doing for bad karma and devolving to a lower form. There are three types of karma savtik karma, rajasik karma, tamasik karma. Savtik karma is without attachment, selfless and for the benefit of others. Rajasik karma is selfish where ones localise is on ones gains to oneself. Tamasik karma is undertaken without regard to consequences and is supremely selfish and savage. The ancient yogis have assigned three categories to karma. These are sanchita, prarabdha, and kriyamana. The first category, sanchita, is the sum total of past karma yet to be resolved. Prarabdha, the second category, is the portion of sanchita being experienced in the present life. The third category, kriyamana, is the karma you are currently creating. It is important to understand that past negative karma can be altered into a smoother, easier state through and through the loving, heart-chakra nature, through dharma and sadhana. If you tolerate religiously well you will create positive karma for the f uture and soften negative karma of the past.Karma operates not only individually but also in ever-enlarging circles of group karma where we participate in sum karma of multiple souls (Karma and Reincarnation, 2010 ). So if we unconditionally love as individuals or groups we will be loved in return. The individuals and groups that act maliciously toward us create their own karmic creation. The people who affect our karma are also living through past karmic experiences and simultaneously creating future karma. Many people believe in the principle of karma but dont apply it to their daily life or lifes peak experiences. They birdcall during times of personal crisis asking why God did this or asking what they did to deserve this. While God is the creator and sustainer of the cosmic law of karma, He does not dispense individual karma(Karma and Reincarnation, 2010). He doesnt give one person cancer while making another person an Olympic gold medalist. We create our own experiences(Subham oy, 2010). We really exercise our souls powers of creation. Karma is our best spiritual teacher. We spiritually learn and grow as our actions return to us to be resolved and dissolved(Karma and Reincarnation, 2010). There is no good or bad karma there is only self-created experience that presents for spiritual advancement. Only when karma is wisely harnessed can the mind become sedate decorous to experience its own super conscious depths. Karma is also misunderstood as fate(Karma in Hinduism, 2010). Something that is predetermined and unchangeable decreed many ages ago by some external force. Karma is neither predetermined or fate. Each soul has free will and its only limit is karma.During our multiple lifetimes on earth we experience a remarkable variety of life patterns. We exist and male and female, princesses and presidents, paupers and pirates, tribals and scientists, as murderers and healers, as atheists and eventually God-Realized sages. We take many bodies, races, religion s, faiths, and philosophies on our journey to spiritual enlightenment gaining more than knowledge and evolutionary experience.Hindus believe that secretly questioning the rule of karma will put him in a group of life minded individuals in his next life where Hindu vox populis seem foreign to them. They also know that death must come naturally in its own course and tat self-annihilation only intensifies ones karma. If they were to commit suicide then they would digress and it would take many lifetimes to get back to evolve back to where they were at which time the karmic entanglements must still be faced and resolved. Two other karmically sensitive processes are artificially means of life sustaining life in a wholly incapacitated physical body through mechanical devices, drugs or intravenous feeding and euthanasia or mercy killing. There is critical timing in the death transition. The expiry process can involve long suffering or be a peaceful or painful sudden death all depending on the karma involved. To keep a person on life support with the sole intent to continue the bodys biological function nullifies the natural timing of the death. This also keeps the soul tethered to the body and unable to move on. An important lesson to learn here is that karma is conditioned by intent(Karma and Reincarnation, 2010). When the medical staff receives a dangerously ill or injured patient and they place them on a life-support system as part of immediate life saving procedure their intent is stringently healing. If there attempt fail and then the life support devices are turned off the person dies naturally and there is no karma involved because this does not constitute euthanasia. If, however, the doctors, families, or patient decide to continue life support indefinitely to prolong the biological process, then the intent carries full karmic consequences.I suppose this is a very good belief and most religions believe in it in one form. Christianity has the golden rule (Subhamoy, 2010). Most religions have some type of karmic belief although they may not come right out and say it. Karma seems to really be about living your life in a good way. Be kind to other treat people with respect and help them. Nothing really confused me I did a lot of research on karma, however, I did learn a lot. I didnt know the different types of karma or how the belief in karma differed from the Hindu and Buddhist religions. I found it was very logical. Everyone believes in karma in some form. People say dont do something bad or wrong because it will come back around and get you in the end. I ferret out it appealing because everyone wants to believe that when someone hurts you in some way that they will have something bad happen to them later on. One of my friends says that it is just a way of life some way to live with being good to everyone. He doesnt necessarily believe that something bad will happen but just that is how you should live our life by being a good perso n. This is an acceptable answer to me. It helps to explain why possibly some bad things happen to someone and that they should react positively to what happened.

European Security and Defence Policy: An Analysis

europiuman protective covering and Defence Policy An AnalysisIntroductionFaced with the ch altogetherenges and risks arising in the affect of economic sphericization and world order, europium is seek to respond adequately to it, namely, creating a general policy-making unity, and forming a atomic number 63an identity. Within the EU there is ramified mechanism of economic, political and court-ordered organs and institutions, carried protrude the interaction of the member-states of integration associations virtu supporter in all directions.The political formation of the EU has gained a unsanded forefingerful impetus later its inclusion of legal and institutional framework in the lay d testifying document of the EU in the Maastricht Treaty, the so-cal guide second pillar of the European Union, entitled Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). At the present stage of EU development the issue approximately effectiveness of the CFSP and ESDP in particular is staying ratt ling acute, that is the scruple of the effectiveness of the overall burn up and collective action in addressing foreign policy issues. This question is urgent in light of events relating to the settlement of a conflict in the Balkans after the collapse of the Yugoslav state in the beginning and difference of the 90s., with the campaign against terrorism after September 11, 2001 in New York and Washington, Madrid in 2004, and capital of the get together Kingdom in 2005 and the reconstruction of Afghanistan as well as the situation around Iraq. Recent Russias invasion of Georgia on Aug. 7 of 2008 showed that the threat of traditional armed services confrontation has non disappe ard. Therefore, Europe must re coordinate their armed forces in much(prenominal) a way as to carry out array operations in both security contexts, determining what threats it ordain face and how best to counter them.It has been 10 years since the emergence of ESDP. During this conviction the EU has f aced umpteen challenges associated with the implementation of this policy, ranging from overleap of resources, institutional weakness, ending with the invite of the world players. Although, it is still early to drew a definite conclusions regarding the effectiveness of ESDP. However, we roll in the hay talk near about appropriateness of the process that has been established in this trend.Therefore the aim of this individual research paper is an attempt to analyze the main problems faced by the EU towards the effective implementation of ESDP, and what the possibilities opened up for Europe within the framework of ESDP after the signing of the Treaty of Lisbon. This work is an analysis of the lessons learned in order to integrate them into future development of this institution or some(prenominal) other organizations.In accordance with the purpose of this work, it is structured into 3 chapters. First chapter allow for provide an hazard to explicate how home(a) and external f proles have pushed the EU to establish ESDP, as well as the exercise played by EU 3 (France, Ger umpteen and Great Britain) in the creation of this policy. provided, it will explore concern about attitude of the US towards the creation and development of this policy.Second chapter scrutinized an existence of ESDP and cotton up the main challenges which has been identified by the analyst for the past 10 years as regards to civil, multitude and financial resources. I have chosen the entire check of ESDP existence, as this policy is still very young for the definitively assess its ultimate effectiveness and feasibility. In other speech communication, this is analysis of lessons learned.Third chapter will focus on the possibilities of ESDP. It will examine what changes fire be expected in the near future in relation to this policy, in regards to the improvements towards increasing of multitude and civilian capacities. Furthermore it will underline the main changes and opportu nities which brings newly approved Lisbon Treaty.The work is carried out by argumentative essay method.This study paper will non analyze all conducted and ongoing missions of ESDP, as well as it will not touch upon history of ESDP development, as this paper will focus whole on problems that deputise with this policy to exist independently and efficacy, and the hidden possibilities of this policy that are not yet fully appreciated. Also, the question concerning relationship betwixt the Greece, Turkey and Cyprus that brings some difficulties in cooperation betwixt NATO and ESDP are not present in this essay.Political context as an obstacle for the development of effective ESDP on the contemporary stagePreconditions for the creation of ESDPIn order to understand the marrow of ESDP it makes sense to consider the internal and external preconditions that led to the creation of this policy.Among the external preconditions are dominated by the end of the chilliness War and the event s of 9/11 in the U.S. At angiotensin converting enzyme time the confrontation with Warsaw Pact had impeding the creation of a unfeignedly European system of security, shifting the sleep of influence in favor of NATO and the United States. However, in late 1980 the situation began to transform rapidly. The basis and purpose of the transatlantic relationship had changed. Change of the geostrategic situation in the continent, associated with the collapse of the Soviet Union, and, accordingly, the bipolar system of international relations has opened up to Western European countries, opportunities to become more attractive center of power in the sphere of security.In turn, increasing economic fictional character of the EU gave rise to the desire of European leaders to complement its overall diplomatic and military instruments, without which the influence of the EU in international affairs would confront marginal. Throughout the 1990s the EU was expression for much(prenominal) tool s. However, early results have been mediocre a green foreign policy and security policy has not become a really common and was incap sufficient to eliminate a tragedy in the Balkans.1 Therefore, the emerging sense of security vacuum in Europe made closer placements of the Member States (EU MS), which led to the materialization of ESDP.Conventional military forces, which are used to build in Europe, did not meet the challenges and threats inherent in post-bipolar world, it was the necessity to build up forces with conciliative structure capable of performing non-traditional military functions. To maintain the security framework at the present level were require expensive systems. And the dissolver of crisis situations required the figurehead of upliftedly mobile units, equipped with the latest weapons and communication systems. The military ciphers of the most nation-states have been unable to meet the requirements of the military sector developments. As a result, Europe ha s left two options to continue to rely on the United States or attempt to integrate into the military sphere and create give forces. by and by a while a new stimulus for the development of an independent ESDP had appeared, such as dis play offment with U.S. unilateralism and U.S. domination of NATO. The differences in the positions of the U.S. and Europe emerged during the conflicts in the Balkans and, most all the way during the Iraqi crisis. European alertness has been provoked by the actual transformation of NATO in the conductor of the American global strategy. Therefore, the European states felt that they can not rely entirely on the U.S. as a guarantor of security in the region, and doubted that Washingtons policy towards Europe would be consistent with their preferences and priorities. Consequently, it became clear that if the EU seeks to influence global policy agenda, rather than follow in the wake of the United States, it will ultimately require the readiness and ability to use harsh shopping centre to ensure security. Thus, the creation of ESDP was the most appropriate mechanism by means of which urgent problems would be solved.The EU 3 (Britain, France and Germany) and their role in development of ESDPThe real uncovering in the European cooperation in security sphere were the agreements r severallyed at the Franco-British summit in Saint-Malo (December 1998). In the summit declaration had been mentioned about the need to provide opportunities for EU autonomous military operations, so that the EU would be able to take decisions and conduct military action in cases where the Atlantic Alliance is not involved in the resolving of the crisis.2 The negotiations, initiated by the British side, were not limited by the declarations and the European Council in 1999 and 2000s had been taken a number of decisions in order to strengthen the CFSP and create ESDP. At the Cologne summit institutional framework of ESDP has been furbish up, and afterwards at the Helsinki summit stated the main goal, later transformed into catalog of forces. This goal was about creation by the year of 2003 such capabilities that would allow operational deployment of forces with the strengths of 50-60 thousands of troops (quick reaction force) that could sustain themselves at least one year, the final regulations were finally found in the Treaty of Nice, signed in February 2001.Up till now, there is a disagreement among the EU 3, about how the EU can become a more effective and influential actor in the world and what relations it must build with the US. These differences are associated with contrastive approaches to the European integration in general. It will be considered, the role have been playing by Britain, France and Germany in ESDP, and what the major differences of their lots towards the implementation and center of this policy.The first advert which is noteworthy to point out is the question What ESDP is for? and we could find distinctivel y different approaches from the Three, where the British believe in a transatlantic Europe, the French espouse the concept of Europe as a power, whilst the Germans are deeply committed to the subject of Europe as an agent for peace.3 Further it will expose these approaches more deeply.For a long time, Britain remained a staunch ally of the US, and did not felt the necessity to create anything out of the NATO military structure. But, after the events in Bosnia and Kosovo, the situation has radically changed in the opposite direction. The interests of the US and Britain during these conflicts were differed because the methods of solving such problems did not coincide.4 All this led to the fact that Britain began to support and develop the idea of the EU military independence from the NATO and the United States. This approach has been similar to France however on the other hand in the matters concerning their long-term visions these ideas werent match. The reason for this was that bot h countries with one hand would equivalent to make the Europe as a power, which would be able to influence and respond to the world events, but on the other, each of them had their own idea of what role the EU should play in security and exoneration in long term period. Britain is keen to develop strong Europes security actor, which would be able to significantly contribute to the NATO capabilities and will not duplicate it, from the France perspective which is partly similar to the British, but on the other hand would like to build up separate security institution Europe as a power ultimately capable for the common defence. However, Frances point of view is that the Europe and the US would not compete in any manner, only interact and complement each other as regional powers.Then, Germanys position has always remained under restraint, which was dictated by the lessons of the past. Compared with Britain and France, Germanys consumption on defense sector was very small. And the id ea of establishing ESDP, which gave them an opportunity to increase its military power, has found support in political circles very fast. Although, its opinion concerning ESDP functions was different from the others. The EU has been represented by the Germany, as an agent for peace, and methods of quiet resolution of the conflict were the key point in its policy.The second difference of the Three is how they perceive ESDP as military or civilian power, regional or global organization. For example, France feel despondent about the fact that most of the operations conducted under the framework of ESDP are civilian. The fact remains, the majority of military operations are carried out by the NATO, not by ESDP, and those that are conducted using NATO resources (Berlin Plus agreement). But despite that, France is trying to be involved in all the missions with the military character, because they believe the EU would be perceived as the security actor only under condition that they could project military power, not only civilian. Germanys vision is characterized as a counterbalance to the French position and does not distinguish military power as main tool for the strengthening of the EU position as a security actor its remain opinion that military force in dealing with non-military security issues will not be successful. Although, at the very(prenominal) time not very much opposing building of the EU as a military power. Finally, Britain is quite pleased with the current balance of military and civil elements of ESDP.5 They see ESDP as a very unique tool which is able to integrate civil aspects in military operations moreover it is not duplicating or hindering NATO operations, even quite the contrary. But unlike Germany, they perceive military power as a robust tool in international arena and additional method of the influence in foreign policy.Finally, it is true the idea of the creation of ESDP has born because of the conflicts in the Europes backyard (i.e., Ba lkans) however after a decade the EU has been broaden their span of the operations quite significantly. The global role of the EU is formulated in the ESS in ethical terms of reason human rights and promoting democracy and solidarity (Petersburg tasks). Nonetheless, despite the general vision of the Three towards the global role of ESDP, some specifications ought to be made. Firstly, it is noteworthy to underline that the visions of France and Britain are getting to the same direction concerning mentioned issue, because it is relatively dictated by the permanent seats on the UN Security Council, as well as former colonial majesty of these countries. Moreover, one can clearly recognize that both countries paid special attention to the Africa. On contrary, Germany has usually not perceived the EU as a global actor, as it is dictated by the troublesome history. In the beginning they saw ESDP as a solution to the threats within the EU, but later they began to agitate the questions of t he Caucasus, specially in Georgia. This could mean that Germany is reviewing its role as both the EUs role in the light of globalization.Therefore we may conclude that lack of unity in anticipation of these countries, is a certain barrier for further development of ESDP. At the beginning of ESDP creation it was foreseen to become a common policy, but in reality decision-making process is found on intergovernmental cooperation which raises some additional obstacles during this process. Certainly it doesnt mean that each country should change its opinion, but still general model for solving different situations and questions, as well as common vision of ESDP essence should be established. Nonetheless, despite all mentioned above ESDP working and developing, that is the fact that EU 3 can find compromises. Thus, these difficulties can be resolved, if compliance of the Three will be greater.US attitude toward ESDPNo less in-chief(postnominal) factor is the U.S. attitude to ESDP. Am erican view towards European security concept is resemblance to an opponent who does not agree with the arguments put forward, but believes that the honest expression of negative attitudes towards them will wager clearly in unethical manner. One of the key factors influencing the U.S. position on the European security concept is its interaction with the structure of the North Atlantic Alliance. On this account quite explicitly suggested U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, explained Our position is very clear we support ESDP, which is friendly to NATO6. On the other hand, Principal Analyst for European Union Affairs, US Dept. of State, David Armitage noblelighted other US arguments against the existence of ESDP as followthere would be competition for scarce financial resourcesit could lead to a say-so mismatch in doctrine, standards, and requirements, which would make interoperability (a perennial NATO problem) even harder to achieveerecting new institutional structures wo uld confuse and complicate procedures and policies that already existed within NATO. 7U.S. attitude to ESDP depends on U.S. policy, which is based on U.S. global leadership by deterring the emergence of rival powers.8 As a result, the U.S. tries to keep ESDP within NATO.It is true that NATO-EU relations are based on agreements of Berlin Plus, which were signed in December 2002 and entered into force in March 2003. So, its easy to see why Washington seemed that Berlin Plus gives it some advantages. EU guaranteed main course to opportunities and resources of NATO planning for the implementation of EU operations for crisis management, and in return the United States expects from the EU a greater commitment to modernize its military capabilities. Main expound of Berlin Plus was that ESDP would reinforce NATO, not undermine it, and would ensure the advancement of the American position of three principles there is no uncoupling of NATO, no duplication of resources and no secretion again st non EU members of NATO9.Besides, U.S Congress and administration were similarly encouraged by the fact that a close friend of the United States, United Kingdom, endorsed the project. However, European countries have not agreed to increase their military commitments in terms of defense spending and personnel. As renowned in the U.S. Congressional Research Service, French officials long time argued that the EU should strive to become a counterweight to the United States on the international stage, and consider ESDP as a means of enhancing the political credibility of the EU10. Therefore, the United States has every reason to revise the terms of the treaty of Berlin-Plus.Moreover, US worry that stronger ESDP would create European caucus inside NATO. Videlicet, NATO MS that are not EU members could be faced with unified front on the part of EU members in discussions within NATO. EU enlargement, however, has diminished the prospect of such a caucus emerging.Nevertheless, recently t he US attitude to ESDP has been changed towards more positive direction. Firstly, US understood that EU posses stronger base to tackle with the civil questions. Secondly, in 2005 US political selected with the G. Bush in a lead announced that they actually support more powerful and unified Europe. Over and above, 9/11 that was an example of new security challenges brought to acknowledgement of necessity to gather all efforts together in order to solve these problems.11 Therefore, powerful Europe is in the area of the US interest.As seen from the above relationship between U.S. and EU is quite complex. In the words of F. Stephen Larrabee, there are several steps that could persuade United States that ESDP strengthens rather than weakens the transatlantic relationship.First, due to the fact that the EU and the US interests on some security issues are different, especially concerning participation on some recent conflicts. The US should agree that EU should be able to plan and act as an autonomous organization outside of Alliance. Therefore, EU should develop their capabilities if they want to play on their own in the conflicts of EU interest. The main intent is to assure development of EU security capabilities in an apparent manner which further would strengthen the ability of US and EU to efficiently deal with potential security threats.Second, establishment of common strategies concerning transformation process of the defence issues of both players, the EU and the US. In the other words common treat perceptions and military doctrines, or at least well-matched, would be a great advantage in the future relationship between these parties.Third, it is requirement for NATO and the EU to build up system that would enhance quick and comprehensive response in crises time. Primarily it consists of planning mechanisms, force generation and ameliorate political consultation.As a final point, US should accept that the EU is becoming an ever more important political and security actor.12To conclude this chapter, I would punctuate that ESDP has been created during the hard time for the Europe, when it has faced such challenge, as remain under the NATO security umbrella, which showed that it will not always work in compliance with the Europe security issues, or make a real breakthrough towards the role of an independent actor in the World arena. Eventually step forward has been made, so at present the Europe has demonstrated itself competent at all areas, not only economical questions, but also in the defence and security sphere. Significant part of ESDP establishment has been made by the EU 3, however the Three showed not only progress in the history of the Europe, but to some degree doom ESDP to future problems, because of the different visions on future of this policy. Then, the relationship with the US as well as its partial influence on the Europe should not be forgotten. In other words, political context of ESDP is tangibly hampers the effect ives of its development for the reason of inability of the EU 3 to get to the common point of view, also because of the indirect influence of the US through the NATO, which for a long time has been a strong guarantor for the European defence and still remain to be such. In the next chapter will be analyzed two main problems which hamper development of ESDP, namely resource and institutional difficulties. Great role in the resolving of these problems plays ability of states to find compromises, and primarily in concern of the MS.Obstacles which hampers development of the effective ESDPInstitutional pathologies of ESDPThis subsection will address the main shortcomings of the institutional architecture of ESDP. Taking into account the main question of this work, the explanation about all institutions and their functions would be skipped. Thus, emphasis will be placed only on these problematic points that hinder ESDP effective existence.Since the inception of ESDP it was envisaged that the EU would largely pay attention to civil elements of security, but unfortunately the creators of the institutional architecture missed this important point, and suggested such basis for the institutional structure where military part has playing predominant role.Firstly, its necessary to stress that many of experts argue that the EU build up ESDP taken as an example the NATO institutional structure. The main institutions in ESDP are the Political Security deputation, a political body that controls the institution, and the EU Military Committee with the EU Military Staff. This corresponds to NATOs North Atlantic Council (NAC), the Military Committee (MC) and the International Military Staff. The British official was fast to point out that the architects of ESDP were aware that NATOs institutional design, in which the NAC and the MC are often not well coordinated, was not optimal, but they did not discuss the issue of trying to redress this set up.13 As a result one can observe q uite complicated cooperative actions between these bodies of ESDP, during the preparation phase and realization of their plans. The actual EU military crises response planning process at political and strategic level could be seen at Annex 2.Secondly, taking into comity the treats what nowadays facing ESDP during its operations one can clearly identify the need for close cooperation between military and civilian in their coherence discussion. Some speakers argued that institutional coherence between the Council and the Commission had improved greatly in recent years, for instance in Georgia. But some processes are very slow the Commission, for instance, cannot easily re-direct aid spending to a country where there is an ESDP operation (i.e. Chad). Plus the Commission, in particular ECHO (its humanitarian aid agency), must remain neutral in conflicts and avoid becoming politicized.14 Expert commentator on peacebuilding and security issues Rory Keane insist that the Union had constr ucted some crisis management capability and a foreign policy, but suffered from poor coordination between the two. The Lisbon treaty seeks more coherence between the Council and the Commission.15 From these arguments one might conclude that ESDP doesnt have practical useful chain of command and possesses significant internal difficulties.Thirdly, after analyze of the development of institutional architecture of ESDP throughout the last few years, I can clearly see two problematic issues cogitate to this policy. The first and main problem is that the structure of EU crisis management at the political, strategic and operational level remains weak. I could even say that this structure does not meet the ambitions of the EU on carrying out a large number of operations. In fact, notably on the civilian side, it is already stretched to the limit. On the military side, in the absence of EU operational headquarters, the Union remains a non-autonomous actor and the availability of national H Qs to plan and run ESDP operations has proven intermittent. 16 Besides, at present time an important area of concern remains to be improved which is experience and expertise of the staff in Brussels-based bodies that can ensure decent planning and conduct of operations, both civilian and military ones.Despite of everything mentioned above the MS diligently working on closing of these institutional gaps. Enormous role in improvement of the institutional shortages will be played by the Lisbon Treaty, which is already a fact that MS trying to find compromises.The essence of the resource problems of ESDP at the present timeFinancing ESDPThe first aspect to point out is the fact that the EU does not have its own defense budget. On the other words, each country decides itself how much it needs to spend on defense sphere. Therefore, the EU itself cannot change it, because it is not within its authority. In general, all EU member countries spend over 200 billion Euros on defense, ranking s econd place in the world after the U.S.17 Which seems to confirm the idea that such amount of money would be enough for the effective existence of ESDP, if there were a common budget.Thus, it is worth to start with question how ESDP missions financed? The answer is that in compliance of the Treaty of European Union operating expenditure incurred in implementing CFSP and ESDP decisions is charged to the budget of European Communities (European budget), except for the operations that have military character.18 In other word, EU have a common budget they have to allocate money for definitive period of time, with a special procedures which is not very clear and fast, which should be the first aspect of the backing system for the crises response operations in order to win the time for the preparation of the mission.Then, it should be noted that there is a difference in the budgeting between military and civilian operations in the framework of ESDP. Thus, civilian operations are pay by the EU and related to the CFSP budget (EU Budget, Heading 4 EU as a global player).19 If we analyze all the costs of the section EU as a global player, we can see that it is only 3% of the entire section. Moreover, after analyzing the specific data in Annex 1 you can see a decrease of CFSP budget on 14% compared with last year, which is in my opinion not enough if we look back at the problems with the financing in ongoing missions and take into account that EU should be ready for the new threats which the World possess nowadays.Furthermore, the decision-making process of the allocation of money from my perspective is not very consistent and it is as follows, following a proposal from the Commission, the Council of Ministers and the European Parliament the two branches of the EU budgetary authority agree the exact size of the CFSP budget. The dialogue between the Council and the Parliament is crucial in this context, and it has not always been smooth. This is perhaps inherent to a policy area such as CFSP where, by Treaty, the EP has the last word on the budget but limited say on substantial political decisions.20 Thus after analyzing the decision-making process of the European budget, I came out to the solution that it is obvious picture of bureaucratic system, what is in my point of view unavoidable situation in any intergovernmental organization.However, in case of propaedeutic actions for the preparation of the crises response missions has been made significant changes between 2006 and 2007, such as enabling the Commission to fund preparatory measures from CFSP budget. Moreover in 2008, the Commission take a framework decision specifying what costs the preparatory measures for ESDP operations can cover the procedure to finance them. The specificity of these measures is that they can make funds available forwards the relevant legal act is adopted.21 Therefore, the first step towards activation of mission and preparation for it could be partly supported from the first day.Conversely, it is still lack of financing for ESDP missions as one could witness in the Financial Framework 2007-2013, where the CFSP budget for is 1.98 billon.22 The budget is expected to cover crisis management operations (civilian ESDP missions only), conflict prevention, conflict resolution and stabilisation, non-proliferation and disarmament measures and EU Special Representatives. Besides, two problems had been directly associated with the 2007-2013 EU budgets in the word of the researcher from German Institute for International and Security Affairs, Annegret Bendieklack of democratic control over common defence policy activities and the related spendingMS have provided insufficient resources to fund the EUs ambitions become a fully-fledged actor in its foreign and security policy, meaning that additional money has to be diverted from sources outside the budget.23It is important to add that ESDP military operations are financing through separate inter-gover nmental arrangements the so called Athena mechanism, which is covering preparatory phase of the operations. All the MS (except Denmark) contribute to certain expenditure, strictly defined, according to a fixed coefficient depending on their GDP scale.24 However, this funding only covers 10 % of total operation costs. In other words, the biggest burden for the operation covers by contributing nation. The ATHENA budget (financed by 24 MS) in 2005 it was approximately 60 one million million Euros, for 2006, the budget was about 68 million Euros25 Overall, there is ongoing work concerning increasing the budget for Athena mechanism by the MS, but yet no consensus has been found between them.Military capabilitiesThe first issue is that the EU does not have its own Armed Forces, as well as its own defence budget. Therefore, each MS maintain autonomy of their Armies, and can decide about contribution to every particular mission. Regardless of significant EU expenditure on defence sector, M S did not change completely their Armed Forces posture after Cold War toward nowadays global security challenges. In Annex 3 we can see the progress of ESDP military capabilities by comparing MS equipments in 1999 and 2009.Besides, it is ongoing transformation of the Armed Forces of the MS from the previously Cold War doctrine therefore, in 2008 the 27 EU governments had reduced their armed forces to 2 million personnel, and jPower Line conference a Green ComputingPower Line Communication a Green ComputingVarsha Mohite Tejas KandgaonkarABSTRACTAfter evolution of wireless engineering science, classical Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) suffered through the drastic change. As a result of it, approximate 80-90% wired telephone electronic networks are replaced by wireless network. But due to wireless network humans are nowadays facing various problems such as sleep disturbances, heart palpitations, migraines, and general poor health due to electromagnetic radiations. So there is need to switchover towards some existing wired network for communication. This leads to a new approach of green computing by using the existing power lines for the communication. This paper covers the working mechanism of power line communication, its modulation techniques and its applications. This paper will also give the general idea about the components for PLC based network elements.KEYWORDSGreen Computing, PLC, Power Line Communication, Power Line Networking, Green NetworkingINTRODUCTION TO POWER class COMMUNICATIONPower Line Communication (PLC) is a engine room for the communication which provides the facility to send and receive data over existing wired network of power lines 1. It is sometimes called as Internet over Power Line (IPL).Fig 1 Power Line CommunicationPower Line Communication is now became a need of todays modern digital era due to following reasonsSlackening of telecommunication.Deregulation of electricity utilities.Increasing harvest-festival of digitiza tion in every premise.Power grid control.PCL categorized into two categories as Narrowband PLC and Broadband PLC as follows 2,Narrowband PLCNarrowband PLC works at very low frequency range of 3-500 KHz with data rates from few 100s of kbps to several kilometers. Due to the application of narrowband PLC in smart grid technology, nowadays it is area of interest of many researchers.Broadband PLCBroadband PLC is last-mile solution for cyberspace and networking through power lines. It has very high data rate and no any additional wiring is required for it, as it uses existing wired network. Thus this technology is serving as effective technology for Home Area Network (HAN).This way of communication through existing wired network of power lines provides following featuresLower cost for construction as it is using existing wired communication media.Provides high speed, high capacity, and long surmount communication.It cannot be affected by electric fields or magnetic fields.It can be use d for protection, system control and equipment automation. training PHASESThe leading company in the field of power line communication based devices and services KEPKO KDN 5 has given the brief business record as underPower line communication (PLC) trial service (Nov. 2004 Jul. 2005, Remote metering, transformer monitoring, and internet service for 1,500 households in Daegu and Daejeon regions)Energy saving system construction using PLC technology (Feb. 2005 May. 2005, Constructed street lights and in-building lights control system for Korea South-East Power and Bundang Combines Cycle Thermal Plant)Constructed integrated metering network based on power line communication (PLC) technology (Oct. 2005 Dec. 2005, Electricity and gas remote metering system for 190 households in Gyeongnam region)PLC lighting control system for Younghung Thermal Power Plant (Dec. 2005 present, Constructed lighting control (street light, turbine building, and high pressure building) system for Korea So uth-East Power Co Younghung Thermal Plant)Established industry-university online teaching infrastructure based on PLC technology (Dec. 2006 Dec. 2007 Constructed and PLC home network for Korea Polytechnics education infra, and provided education and training support)Power line communication (PLC) based second remote metering trial service (Aug. 2007 Dec. 2007, Constructed PLC based remote metering system for 5,000 household in Uijeongbu and three other regions)Constructed Power line communication (PLC) based integrated remote metering system (Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Electricity, water, and gas metering system for 100 households in the South capital of South Korea Business Unit (Mokdong)Lighting energy saving system expansion construction using power line communication (Sept. 2007 Dec. 2007 Constructed expansion system in Busan Combined Cycle Thermal Plan of Nambu Power Plant (main control building, chemical building, CWP building, material building)PLC long distance transmission equipment supply (Apr. 2007 Sept. 2007, Delivered couplers for long distance communication using high voltage lines for six business premises including KEPCO Jeju branches)PROBLEMS WITH PLC AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONThe current power lie networks are not designed for communication. PLC has the impairments like high attenuation, significant potential interference and the noise which is generated by all loads connected to the grid. With the application of OFDM modulation scheme these problems can be minimized. convert technique should be applied to achieve high data rates.PLC NETWORK ELEMENTSPLC ModemPLC modem is used to connect you communication device with the power line as a transmission medium. It performs the similar functionalities of the general modem.PLC Base StationA PLC base station is used to connect PLC to its backbone network.Other than this PLC gateways, repaters and coupling are also essential.OPERATING MECHANISMLike normal communication process, in Power Line Communicatio n also sender modulates data and sends towards the receiver through the transmission media. At the receiving end receiver demodulates the received signal to read it. But only change is that the communication medium is the power line. PLC does not require any kind of extra cabling mechanism. By using PLC virtually all power-plugged devices can be controlled or monitored.From the network oriented point of view, 7-layered OSI reference model consideration is essential. Some PLC chips serves as only physical layer. It can be also used as Digital Signal Processor (DSP) with a clean packet consciousness of the Medium Access Control sub layer and Physical Layer.MODULATION TECHNIQUESVarious modulation techniques can be used in PLC such as Orthogonal Frequency Shift Keying, Binary Frequency Shift Keying, Frequency Shift Keying and Spread Frequency Shift Keying. In the table downstairs these modulation techniques are compared by using two important parameters, complexity and bandwidth.OFDM gives highest data rates and FSK offers lowest complexity. Thus current trend is to move towards the cabal of OFDM and FSK.APPLICATIONSEarlier, we saw that PLC is widely used in the Smart Grid and in micro-inverters. PLC can be used in other applications like lighting (e.g. employment light control, LED dimming), industrial (e.g. UPS communicating to a network device, irrigation control), machine-to-machine (e.g. vending machines, a hotels reception-to-room communication), telemetry (e.g. offshore oil rigs), transport (e.g. Electronics in cars, trains and airplanes) and indeed, applications of PLC are only limited by ones creativity.The major applications of power line communication 5 includeHigh-speed internet and Home NetworkHigh-speed internetHome networkVoIPIntegrated metering (electric, water, gas, hot water, heating)Security, alarmPower ITRemote meteringDistribution automationStreet light controlUnmanned substation surveillance resistor utility conduit monitoringSCADAAir con ditioner controlEnergy saving lights control for power plantMisc ApplicationsTraffic signal controlRoad monitoring soupcon phoneForest fire monitoringElevator controlSUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONREFERENCES1 DOSTERT, K. Powerline Communications. Prentice-Hall PTR, 2001, ISBN 0-13-029342-3.2 AHOLA, J. Applicability of power-line communicationsto data transfer of on-line condition monitoring ofelectrical drives. thesis for the degree of Doctor ofScience (Technology). Lappeenranta University ofTechnology, Lappeenranta 2003, ISBN 951-764-783-2,ISSN 1456-4491.3 KOSONEN, A. Power line communication in motorcables of variable-speed electric drives analysis andimplementation. Thesis for the degree of Doctor ofScience (Technology). Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta 2008, ISBN 978-952-214-641-0, ISBN 978-952-214-642-7 (PDF), ISSN 1456-4491, 2008.4 HRASNICA, H., HAIDINE, A., LEHNERT, R.Broadband Powerline Communications Networks.England Wiley, 2004. 275 pp. ISBN 0-470-85741-2.5 htt ps//www.kdn.com/home3/we/gs/WEGS_0106.jsp?toMenuNum=510

Frankenstein: The Relationship between God and Man

Frankenstein The Relationship between perfection and ManIn Mary Shelleys refreshing, Frankenstein, the book examines a variety of aspects of ambition. For instance, with overlord, ambition proves to be his undoing, and, in turn, Victors physical exercise becomes a forewarning for Robert Walton meanwhile, the Creature is, in a sense, Victors child and thus inherits facets of Victors ambition b arely because the Creature is also a conglomerate of all the valet de chambres who embody him, he is thereby also symbolic of Mankinds ambitions that do non fully come to realization nor fulfillment, which is why readers outhouse identify with the Creatures tragic elements. Frankenstein explores the repercussion of man and giant chasing ambition blindly. Victor Frankenstein discovered the obscure secret that allowed him to create life. And after Frankenstein discovered the source of human life, he became utterly absorbed in his data-based creation of a human being and it consumed his lif e completely. Victors boundless ambition and his yearning to succeed in his efforts to create life, and to have his creation praise him as his creator for the life he gave it led him to find ruin and anguish at the end of his ambition. For this I had deprived myself of rest and health. I had commitd it with an zeal that far exceeded moderation however now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. (P. 42) Walton wanted to sail to the arctic because no other sailor had ever reached it or discovered its secrets. The dickens was created against his will his ambition was to requite his creation as an appalling outcast and to attain more or less satis incidention for crumbling the world around Victor. These three characters all acted upon the same blind ambition.The novel asks enduring involveions about human genius and the relationship between God and man. The monster displays a similar kind of duality, inciting sympat hy as well as dread in all who hear his tale. He requisitions our compassion to the period that we recognize ourselves in his exceeding loneliness and compare our own life with the Creature. Despised by his creator and wholly alone and hated, he learns what he can of human nature as he eavesdroppes on a family of cottage dwellers, and he educates himself by reading three books that had fortunately fallen across his path, among them paradise Lost. Who was I? What was I? Whence did I come? (P. 93), the Creature asks himself after reading them. Even though the Creature commits criminal acts, the fact that he has a self-consciousness and his ability to educate himself as a person raises the question of what it sincerely means to be human, what thoughts and emotions it takes to be considered a human-being. It is difficult to think of the monster as anything less than just that in his entreaty for understanding from Frankenstein when the creature wishes to speak to him Believe me, Fran kenstein I was benevolent my soul glowed with grapple and humanity but am I not alone, miserably alone? You, my creator, abhor me what hope can I gather from your fellow-creatures, who owe me nothing? They spurn and hate me. (p. 71). When the Creatures unknown, but helpful acts of kindness toward the De Laceys are returned with baseless animosity, we come to wonder whether it is the world that the creature inhabits, as opposed to something intrinsic that caused him to commit enormity. Nonetheless, he clings on to a conscience and a zealous longing for another kind of existence as well as acceptance and love from another, which Victor cruelly denies him. ultramodern man is an example of the monster, estranged from his creator-who believes his own origins to be meaningless and accidental,non important and full of rage at the conditions of his existence as well as at his creator. Since the monster has no name of his own, hes not quite an autonomous fellow. Instead, he is bound to his creator. He is naught without Victor. He is as much a map of Frankenstein as he is his own self. The monster comes into the world by a pretty horrendous set of circumstances. He has the physique of a giant, yet a puerile mind. He has an amiable nature, yet his physical deformity hides his benevolence and makes everyone fear and abuse him. His own creator plain rejected him because of his hideous looks. His feelings are the most deep and poignant of any characters in this novel, as well as the most conflicted. When I looked around I saw and heard of no(prenominal) like me. Was I, the, a monster, a blot upon the earth from which all men fled and whom all men disowned? (P. 105) To make matters more complicated, the monster is correlated to both turn and Satan in Paradise Lost. This may seem slightly nebulous. The thing to keep in mind is that the idea at the heart of the monster is his duality. He has a very abstruse duality. He is at once man in his immaculate state before the Fal l (the Fall = evil), and yet the saying of evil itself. This is starting to sound like Victor Frankenstein. Abstruse dualityconflicting characterizationcould it be that the monster mirrors his maker in his duality? Of course, the other primer the monster turns on humans is because Victor was his last tie to humanity. The monster is one of many people in this text that is affected by loneliness, isolation, and an all around desire for companionship. Victor may have scorned him, re displaceed him, and tried repeatedly to eradicate him, but at least he talked to the monster. At least he accept the monsters existence. And for a creature that spent most of his wretched life in hiding and exile, alone without anyone there for him, this can be pretty good reason to pursue Victor. Good or bad, Victor is the only relation hes ever had and he tries desperately to cling to this relationship. Do we accuse him? Do we spite him? Do we adore him? Hes tenderhearted. He articulates well with othe rs and he even rescues a little girl from a river. He just gets the cruelty and hatred because hes ugly. Can we pluck him if he lashes out in abrupt and absurdly violent ways? From that moment he declared everlasting war against the species, and more than all, against Frankenstein who had formed him and sent him forth to this insupportable misery. (P. 99) This sounds like more clashing emotions. Could it be that we, the reader, feel the equivalent duality of emotions that the monster and Victor feel for each other? one and only(a) more thing, what does it mean that the fmonster is make out of dead-person pieces? If hes made up out of people, then hes essentially a person himself. But if theyre inert, then hes never really extant in the first place. You could also say that, since hes an aggregate of human parts, hes also a conglomerate of human traits. This might show us the nature of his complex duality.Modern man is also Frankenstein, breaking ties and becoming further away from his creatorusurping the powers of God and irresponsibly tinkering with nature, even if they are full of benign purpose, it ends with cancerous results. Although Frankenstein as well as the monster begin with good intentions and become murderers in the end, the monster seem way more softhearted than Victor because he is by nature the outsider of society, whereas Frankenstein purposely removes himself from human society. When Frankenstein first becomes enthralled in his endeavours to create life, as he collects materials from a slaughterhouse and disecting room. Frankenstein also breaks his ties with friends and family during his clogging work, and he becomes increasingly confined. His father reproaches him for this eliciting Frankenstein to think to himself what his adept-minded quest for knowledge has cost him, and whether or not it is morally acceptable. After he looks back on his mistakes, he concludes that, contrary to his credence at the time it was not worth it, If no man all owed any pursuit whatsoever to interfere with the tranquility of his domestic affections, Greece had not been enslaved Caesar would have spared his country America would have been discovered more gradually and the empires of Mexico and Peru had not been destroyed. (p. 35).Natural world is like Eden and will be corrupted through too much knowledge (science). ProofBiblical Conception of Knowledge man evicted from paradise for knowing too much Prometheus reined in by Gods novel written in Romantic era which upholds the values that Progress is Dangerous and that there must be a return to Idealized Past. Through Victor and Walton, Frankenstein represents human beings as deeply ambitious, and yet also deeply erroneous. The labors of men of genius, however erroneously directed, scarcely ever fail in ultimately turn of events to the solid advantage of mankind. (P. 29) Both Victor and Walton fantasize of transforming society and bringing prestige to themselves through their scientific conq uests. Yet their ambitions also make them ignorant. Blinded by dreams of glory, they fail to consider the repercussions of their actions. So while Victor turns himself into a god, a creator, by bringing his monster to life, this only highlights his fallibility when he is ultimately inept of fulfilling the covenant that a creator has to its creation. Victor thinks he will be like a god, but ends up the progenitor of a devil. Walton, at least, turns back from his quest to the North Pole before getting himself and his crew annihilated, after hearing Victors tale about the devastating aftermath of pushing the boundaries of exploration. I will not lead you on, unguarded and ardent as I then was, to your destruction and infallible misery. Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how risky is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow. (P . 33) He learns from Victors tragedy. After Victor dies, he turns the ship back to England, trying not to make the same mistakes that Victor made in the obsessive compulsion that destroyed his life, but he does so with the resentful conclusion that he has been deprived of the glory he originally sought.Frankenstein is an expostulation of humanity, specifically of the human concept of science, enlightenment, technical progress, and a deeply humanitarian effort full of empathy for the human state of our own condition. Victor is a brilliant, sentimental, visionary, and accomplished young man whose studies in natural philosophy (p. 31) and chemistry bourgeon from A fervent longing to penetrate the secrets of nature. (p. 22). As the novel develops and the plot thickens, Frankenstein and his monster oppose each other and fight one another for the characterisation of the main protagonist of the story. We are inclined to identify with Frankenstein, who is admired by his immaculate friend s and family alike and even by the ship captain Robert, who saves him, berserk by his pursuit for vengeance, from the piece of ice he had been stranded on. He still is a human being, nevertheless. Notwithstanding, regardless of his humanitarian aspiration to Banish disease from the human frame and render man invulnerable to any but a violent death (p. 43), Frankenstein becomes tangled in a hostile pursuit that is the single and main cause that lead him to destroy his own well-being and to remove himself from his fellow-creatures as ifguilty of a crime (p. 35). His irresponsibility is the stimulant, the foundation of what causes the death of those around him, his family, his friends and his love and he falls under the ascendancy of his own creation and fails to break free from the chains that bind him.Neither Victor nor Walton could liberate themselves from their blinding ambitions, they made it seem that all men, and notably those who pursue to raise themselves up in renown above th e rest of society and even god, are in fact impetuous and imperfect creatures with feeble and defective natures. We can all learn from Victors last words to Walton, Seek happiness in tranquility and avoid ambition, even if it be only the apparently innocent one of distinguishing yourself in science and discoveries. (P. 162)

Future of Islam Essay -- essays research papers

The Future of IslamWhen first approached with the question what the future of Islam is? my mind raced around many places and had lots of different thoughts. I had no clue what the future of this religion would be I thought there are people for the the Statesn Gov. who are being payed a lot of gold to figure this out and I dont think they even know. So I decided to do research to figure out what my reliance on this matter was.I make up that there could be different futures for different places, like Islam in the United States and Islam in the Middle East. I found that in the pre 9/11 days Muslims were a proud people and one of Americas largest populations. Post 9/11 there was a lot of ignorance and hatred towards Muslim people. Most Americans did not know the difference between a law abiding Muslim and one of the terrorists who attacked our country. Soon almost Americans were educated in this matter and learned about the religion, and how a Muslims interpretation of the Koran af fected what kind of Muslim they were and how they viewed the western civilization. They found that most Muslims are in fact great people and are no threat to our society. They also learned about the radical Muslims that interpret the Koran as adage that they should defend by all means anyone who is a threat to there religion (The United States and the Western World ). I think in America Islam has a bright future where one can practice there religion in peace and where the population understands and ...

Essay --

Aim To measure the amount of atomic number 8 takes in by the maggots and peas with the help of a respirometer in the experiment.IntroductionRespiration is the process by which organic molecules are broken down in a series of stages to synthesize ATP.Respiratory quotient is a measure of the ratio between oxygen an existence takes in and carbon dioxide the organism eliminates. The use of a device called a respirometer is used to measure an organisms respiratory quotient by measuring the gases the organism takes in and exhales.Metabolism is all the chemical processes that take place in living organisms for example breathing, go around blood and controlling body temperature. Since the peas and maggots used in this experiment are living things, they could affect the result since they both expire aerobically and take part in metabolism.With respiration of carbohydrates, the food is then converted to carbohydrates usually hexose sugar before being respired. There is an oxidation of glucos e to carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy. Oxygen + glucose century dioxide + water + energy (in the form of ATP)When there is no use of oxygen it is anaerobic respiration and with usage of oxygen, this is aerobic respiration.In the presence of oxygen there are 4 stages namely glycolysis in the cytoplasm, link reaction and Krebs cycle in the matrix of the mitochondria and electron transport chain in the mitochondrial membranes. ATP is generated when H is lost and used to reduce coenzymes. The reduced Hydrogen carrier can be used to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylationIn the absence of oxygen the Krebs cycle and electron transport system cannot operate and only glycolysis takes place, which yields a two molecules for each g... ... in the sucrose solution contains carbohydrates. Food ancestry would affect respiration, as each food source has a different energy values and respire in a different way.AppendicesThis is calculated starting with obtaining the amoun t of carbon dioxide released by subtracting value b from value a. The respiratory quotient is then found by dividing the volume of carbon dioxide released over the volume of oxygen consumedPeasMaggotsMass (g)5.60-3.93=1.675.06-4.00=1.06Value (a) with KOH3.50-2.00=1.504.25-2.50=1.75Value (b) without KOH3.75-3.75=0.003.50-3.00=0.50Respiratory Quotient per unit1.000.711) Volume of CO2 removed by peas is a-b (1.50-0)=1.50RQ = (volume of carbon dioxide released)/(volume of oxygen consumed) RQ is 1.50/1.50=12) Volume of CO2 released by maggots is 1.75-0.50=1.25With the RQ value is 1.25/1.75=0.71

paper -- essays research papers

Lets go smoke either(prenominal) weed man no. when that question gets asked to you, you might have to say no. Why is that? You ideate of the consequences that could come to you if you do it and get caught. As of now pot is illegal and most p atomic number 18nts dont accept at that place put on smoking weed. So in this paper I will tell you why pot should be legal. I will as well as give some things that have been said negative and I will disprove them. I will also discuss about hackamore, what ganja is and where it comes from. Also as you atomic number 18 reading this I will put on two other names for marijuana these are pot and weed. If you smoke pot you will get mettlesome. destiny nookie do other things for you other then just get you high, you can benefit from marijuana . Pot comes from an all rude(a) plant. Using marijuana and the growing of hemp (ingredient in marijuana making) are illegal in the US. Pot can be used for just the enjoyment of being high and feeli ng very relaxed. It also can be used as medicine which is legal and other things which I will discuss later. As for hemp it can be used for things like necklaces which you all have seen most likely. Hemp is sold all over the world. It is sold so often because of the things you can make with it.So why is weed illegal in the US. People just use it to feel more relaxed and in a calmer state of mind. tobacco and alcohol are both used for the same reasons, but with many more negative side effects than pot. Tobacco and alcohol can take in genus Cancer and other things to harm you body. In many populate alcohol brings out the worst of them. This usually happens when someone becomes an alcoholic. Many people become unwarranted when they hit this point. In Maxim it said that more then seventy million Americans have smoked marijuana at some point in their lives. If you think about that statistic it isnt hard to believe. At least for me because most people I know have at least tried it an d that also includes older people like adults. Pot really has no true affects that will really harm you. I have never heard of any deaths caused by pot. Have you ever heard on the news that man died from an overdose of marijuana? I know I havent. Now think of how many deaths come from tobacco and alcohol about a half million. That is only deaths that doesnt say how many people have lip cancer and things that arent going to kill them. People say marijuana is addicting, but marijuana is not an addict... ...ed to you as much. I know if I am at a party or just out I usually have people come up to me and ask if I want to by any weed. I do think it might make more people try it because they wont worry about getting in trouble. I also think though that there isnt a big thing if someone trys it at least there trying it on there own free will and not being pressured. I also think that right now people use a dose like pot to rebel against there parents. Now I dont think that it would be reb ellion if it were legal. If that were so people would rebel against there parents by chewing come or eating a hamburger.So in conclusion why do we have this drug still being illegal. Pot has many positive effects which I discussed during this paper. Think of the things that would be better if pot was just legal and sold over the counter. Think how much cigarettes get sold I think pot would be sold twice as much and for more money. We should help are selves and let the kids get high and have are cops stop harassing these people, and find something that is hurting someone. People arent getting hurt from smoking some natural green weed. So everyone fight for your right to get high and have a good time.